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The Roots of Western Civilization: Ancient Rome,
c. 500 BC/BCE-500 AD/CE
7.35 On a
historical map, identify ancient Rome and trace the extent of the Roman Empire to 500 AD/CE. (H, G)
7.36 Explain
how the geographical location of ancient Rome contributed to the shaping of Roman society and
the expansion of its political power in the Mediterranean region and
beyond.
(H, G, E)
7.37 Explain the rise of the Roman Republic and
the role of mythical and historical figures in
Roman history. (H)
A. Romulus and Remus
B. Hannibal and the Carthaginian Wars
C. Cicero
D. Julius Caesar and Augustus
E. Hadrian
7.38 Describe the government of the Roman Republic and
its contribution to the development of democratic principles, including
separation of powers, rule of law, representative government, and the
notion of civic duty. (H, C)
7.39 Describe the influence of Julius Caesar and
Augustus in Rome’s
transition from a republic to an empire and explain the reasons for the
growth and long life of the Roman Empire. (H,
E)
A. Military organization, tactics, and
conquests; and decentralized administration
B. the purpose and functions of taxes
C. the promotion of economic growth through
the use of a standard currency, road construction, and the protection of
trade routes
D. the benefits of a Pax
Romana
7.40 Describe the characteristics of slavery under the
Romans. (H)
7.41 Describe the origins of Christianity and its
central features. (H)
A. monotheism
B. the belief in Jesus as the Messiah and
God’s son who redeemed humans from sin
C. the concept of salvation
D. belief in the Old and New Testament
E. the lives and teachings of Jesus and Saint
Paul
F. the relationship of early Christians to
officials of the Roman Empire
7.42 Explain how inner forces (including the rise of
autonomous military powers, political corruption, and economic and
political instability) and external forces (shrinking trade, attacks, and
invasions) led to the disintegration of the Roman
Empire. (H, E)
7.43 Describe
the contribution of Roman civilization to law, literature, poetry,
architecture, engineering, and technology (e.g., roads, bridges, arenas,
baths, aqueducts, central heating, plumbing, and sanitation). (H)
7.44 Explain
the spread and influence of the Roman alphabet and the Latin language, the
use of Latin as the language of education for more than 1,000 years, and
the role of Latin and Greek in scientific and academic vocabulary. (H)
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